| [ Summary ] |
Inflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα, IL-1, and IL-6, play central roles in chronic inflammation seen in rheumatoid arthritis. Those cytokines induce RANKL expression on synovial cells, which results in induction of osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction. T cells are key cells in bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. Th1 cells produce TNFα, which promotes osteoclastogenesis via induction of RANKL expression on synovial cells. On the other hand, Th1 cells also produce IFNγ, which negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. Th17 cells, new helper T cells which produce IL-17 those who differentiated via IkBζ induction, induce RANKL expression on synovial cells and promote bone destruction. |