| [ Summary ] |
CKD-MBD has been developed for predialysis patients. Although hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia occur in end-stage kidney disease, increases in serum PTH and FGF23 levels, as well as decrease in serum 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D levels occur in earlier disease stages. Since vascular calcification, bone abnormalities, and enlargement of the parathyroid gland are also seen in predialysis patients, treatment of CKD-MBD is important. However, management of CKD-MBD remains controversial because these treatments produce a number of adverse effects. |