| [ Summary ] |
Chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease and death. Clinical practice guidelines, such as those formulated by the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT), the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) and Kidney Disease : Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), recommend stringent targets for serum calcium, phosphate and parathyroid hormone levels. However, these recommendations are based primarily on the results of observational cohort studies and randomized controlled trials employing surrogate outcome measures. In the future, a body of evidence based on treatment environments within individual countries will become important for patient care. |