| [ Summary ] |
Adequate energy and protein intake in chronic hemodialysis patients have been demonstrated in worldwide dietary guidelines. However, all methods for monitoring daily energy intake underestimate actual energy intake. Thus, estimated daily energy needs must be adjusted to the level of physical activity, and regular physical activity, is recommended, along with proportional increases in energy intake, in line with the level of physical activity. Recent studies have demonstrated that 1.0 to 1.2 g / kg / day, or greater, daily protein intake does not much improve nutritional status in hemodialysis patients. Excess protein intake also may worsen bone mineral disease and mortality. Further research is needed to explore what protein intake levels provide the best survival rates for chronic hemodialysis patients, and which type of nutritional care improves the nutritional status of malnourished patients. |