| [ Summary ] |
Esophageal obstruction and dysphagia in esophageal cancer is treated with palliative therapy. Esophageal stent placement and bypass surgery can be performed to maintain oral intake ; however, self‒expandable metallic stents (SEMS) is preferred and are widely used due to its effectiveness and low invasiveness. Various stents are available, including those for upper and lower esophagus ; therefore, case‒based selection is necessary. The indication for stent placement before and after radiotherapy is also increasing. In the no indication for stent placement, the establishment of a nutrient fistula, such as a gastrostomy, is considered. Although severe anemia due to persistent leaky tumor bleeding is rare, it is fatal if it breaks into an artery such as the aorta. Recently, the metallic stents are also used to treat airway obstruction due to the esophageal tumor. In palliative therapy, depending on the medical condition, quality of life of individual patients, and the wishes of patients and families, the treatment plan is decided by several members of the healthcare team. |