| Theme | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Children | |
|---|---|---|
| Title | Colonoscopy and Colonic Disorder in Childhood | |
| Publish Date | 2015/03 | |
| Author | Hirotaka Shimizu | Division of Gastroenterology, National Center for Child Health and Development |
| [ Summary ] | Colonoscopy (CS) is useful for the evaluation of hematochezia, intractable diarrhea, and abdominal pain in pediatric patients. CS is also performed to diagnose or evaluate inflammatory bowel disease and colonic polyps, among other conditions. The selection of an appropriate scope size is important when performing CS in pediatric patients, and general anesthesia or sedation is often used according to the patient's age and condition. Endoscopic findings of pediatric colonic disorders may differ from those of adult disorders. To enhance the diagnostic value of CS, mucosal biopsies from each part of the colon are recommended, regardless of the endoscopic findings. Moreover, patients with primary immune deficiency (PID) may develop colitic symptoms, and therefore PID should be excluded, especially in cases of early-onset enterocolitis or those with a history of repeat infections. In this chapter, the endoscopic findings of typical or rare pediatric colonic disorders will be presented. |
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