| [ Summary ] |
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is now widely used in daily clinical practice. However, the number of variables that have to be confirmed before endoscopy has also increased, including the age of patients, the presence of underlying disease, and the use of drugs such as anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents. Endoscopists must also be thoroughly familiar with potential allergies to lidocaine hydrochloride, used to anesthetize the throat before endoscopy, and the contraindications and adverse reactions of antispasmodic drugs such as scopolamine butylbromide and glucagon. The use of sedatives has also increased, making it essential for endoscopists to be knowledgeable about sedatives and analgesics. Respiratory function and hemodynamic status must be monitored when sedatives are used, and such patients should be closely observed after examination. Many patients who undergo emergency endoscopic examinations are in poor general condition. Such patients must therefore be carefully observed and treated before, during, and after endoscopy. |