| [ Summary ] |
Epidemiological features and related factors for cancer of the stomach, colorectum, and liver were reviewed. Stomach cancer rates in Japan the highest in the world, but have declined since the 1960s. Helicobacter pylori infection is a well-established risk factor, but not a sufficient causal agent in the development of stomach cancer. Excessive salt intake may increase the risk of stomach cancer, while high intake of vegetables and fruits decreases the risk. Colorectal cancer has markedly increased in Japan. Physical inactivity and obesity increases the risk of colon cancer. Folate, a promising, protective component of vegetables, has been linked to a decreased risk of colorectal cancer. Liver cancer rates are also high in Japan. Of particular interest is a reported protective association between coffee and liver cancer. |