腎と骨代謝 Vol.32 No.3(7)


特集名 筋肉・エクササイズとミネラル代謝
題名 エクササイズと骨代謝
発刊年月 2019年 07月
著者 岩本 潤 慶友整形外科病院骨関節疾患センター
【 要旨 】 運動は骨の健康維持・増進に重要な役割を果たしている.運動によるメカニカルストレスの増加は骨形成を促進し(成長期),骨吸収を抑制する(エストロゲン欠乏下).成長期では,思春期前(女子では初経前)からのジャンプ運動は骨塩量の増加に効果的である.青年期では,スポーツ(体操や球技などの荷重運動)を行う選手では骨密度は高く,閉経前では,ジャンプ運動・筋力訓練・複合運動(荷重運動と筋力訓練)は骨密度を増加させる.閉経後は,ウォーキング・有酸素荷重運動・筋力訓練・複合運動(荷重運動と筋力訓練)は骨密度を維持・増加させる.運動による骨の健康維持・増進効果を得るためには,適切な運動が高い遵守率で継続される環境が必要である.
Theme Muscle and exercise physiology on mineral metabolism
Title Exercise and bone metabolism
Author Jun Iwamoto Bone and Joint Disease Center, Keiyu Orthopaedic Hospital
[ Summary ] Exercise plays an important role in the maintenance of bone health. Increased mechanical loading by exercise increases bone modeling or bone formation (mainly during the growth phase) and decreases bone remodeling or bone resorption (mainly under the estrogen deficiency). During the growth phase, jumping exercise before puberty (menarche in girls) is effective for increasing bone mineral content. Among adolescents, athletes who are engaged in sports such as gymnastics and ball games show higher bone mineral density (BMD). Among premenopausal women, jumping exercise, muscle strengthening exercise, and combined exercise (weight-bearing exercise + muscle strengthening exercise) increases BMD. Among postmenopausal women, walking, aerobic exercise, muscle strengthening exercise, and combined exercise (weight-bearing exercise + muscle strengthening exercise) preserves or increases BMD. Appropriate exercises need to be continued with high compliance in order to obtain the beneficial effect of exercise on bone health.
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