| [ Summary ] |
Malignancy-associated hypercalcemia (MAH) is a serious paraneoplastic syndrome that can be a direct cause of death. MAH is classified into two pathophysiological entities : humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM), which is caused by tumor-derived humoral factors such as PTHrP, and local osteolytic hypercalcemia (LOH), in which extensive bone resorption at the site of bone metastasis results in hypercalcemia. MAH is inevitably accompanied by dehydration and renal impairment. Accordingly, standard treatment includes intravenous administration of bisphosphonates and saline, as well as loop diuretics as required. |