| [ Summary ] |
In postmenopausal osteoporosis, hypoestrogenemia causes high turnover bone metabolism, a relative dominance of bone resorption, and osteopenia. Estrogen deficiencies were observed in patients with chronic renal failure, and many female hemodialysis patients had complications prolonged amenorrhea, menstrual irregularity, sterility and low sexual desire. Recent studies have shown that the incidence of fractures in end-stage renal disease is three to sixfold higher than normal. The high prevalence of an older population, frequently observed premature amenorrhea and early menopause in dialysis patients may all play key roles. In female hemodialysis patients, it is important to consider the risk of bone metabolic dysfunction, due to estrogen deficiency adding to renal osteodystrophy. |