臨牀透析 Vol.32 No.8(1-1)


特集名 認知症と透析医療
題名 認知症とは―その定義,概要,経過,疫学
発刊年月 2016年 07月
著者 朝田 隆 東京医科歯科大学脳統合機能研究センター認知症研究部門
【 要旨 】 「生後いったん正常に発達した種々の精神機能が慢性的に減退・消失することで日常生活・社会生活を営めない状態」を認知症という.代表的な認知症性疾患は4大認知症と呼ばれるアルツハイマー病,レビー小体型認知症,前頭葉側頭葉変性症,脳血管性認知症で,その概要と経過を略述した.認知症の疫学では,65歳以上における認知症の全国有病率は2012年10月で15%で,患者数約462万人と推定されている.最近,生活習慣病と認知症の関係が注目されるようになり,慢性腎臓病(CKD)も重視されている.そこで両者の関連について,疫学的知見,脳血管病理,神経変性という観点から最近の知見を紹介した.
Theme Cognitive impairment and dialysis therapy
Title Definition, outline, course and epidemiology of dementia
Author Takashi Asada Division of Dementia Research, Brain Integration Function Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
[ Summary ] Dementia is a syndrome associated with a progressive loss of memory and other intellectual functions. It is often serious enough to interfere with daily life. Dementia can be caused by nearly forty different diseases and conditions. However, the main causes of dementia are as follows : Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTD), Lewy body dementia and vascular dementia. For these four illnesses which cause dementia, clinical features and course are described at http://www.minddisorders.com/Py-Z/Vascular-dementia. html. It is known that AD is the most common irreversible cause of dementia, accounting for 67 % of all dementia cases in Japan. The prevalence rate of dementia among individuals aged 65 years and older in Japan was estimated at 15 % of the population (4.62 million) in 2012. Recently, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has attracted a great deal of attention in view of it being an important risk factor for dementia. The possible associations between these conditions and recent findings, as well as possible disease mechanisms are described.
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