| [ Summary ] |
Biomarkers are used to obtain clinical evidence in early diagnoses and differential diagnoses, as well as developing prognoses and diagnoses of severity. Recently, there have been many heterogeneous biomarkers detected using omics analysis, e.g. protein, DNA, mRNA, miRNA, metabolites, methylated DNA, sugar chains, and peptides. Differential analysis of specimens from patients and control individuals has been performed using easily obtainable body fluids such as urine or blood. Candidate biomarkers should be validated by clinical studies using larger populations. After those studies are accomplished the resulting information may be employed for treatment. |