| Theme |
Strategies of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Especially at Stages 4 and 5 |
| Title |
Selecting nutritional methods for renal failure treatment |
| Author |
Masaya Sasaki |
Division of Clinical Nutrition, Shiga University of Medical Science |
| Author |
Shinichi Araki |
Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science |
| [ Summary ] |
Patients with renal failure are at high risk of malnutrition because of uremia and impaired oral food intake. Therefore, nutritional management is necessary to prevent malnutrition and to maintain optimum nutritional status. If a patient with renal failure has functional intestines, oral feeding is the best method for nutritional management. However, if he/she is unable or unwilling to eat sufficient quantities of food to meet his/her nutritional requirements, enteral nutrition (EN) or parenteral nutrition (PN) is necessary. In principle, when his/her intestines work properly, EN should be the first option. PN should be selected for patients whose intestines can be used as a nutritional route, because long term PN poses risks of intestinal atrophy or bacterial translocation. |