| 特集名 | 大腸腫瘍の分子生物学 | |
|---|---|---|
| 題名 | 大腸腫瘍の分子異常と臨床 | |
| 発刊年月 | 2018年 09月 | |
| 著者 | 三森 功士 | 九州大学病院別府病院外科 |
| 著者 | 神山 勇太 | 九州大学病院別府病院外科／昭和大学横浜市北部病院消化器センター |
| 【 要旨 】 | 大腸腫瘍の分子学的特徴は，Vogelsteinらの多段階発癌説が現在でも広く受け入れられている．近年，次世代シークエンサーを用いて，The Cancer Genome Atlas Networkやconsensus molecular subtypesなどの大規模な分子学的解析が行われ，その特徴により大腸癌分類がなされている．本稿では，現在広く受け入れられている大腸癌の分子学的特徴について解説するとともに，当科で解析してきた大腸癌の進化の過程について概説する． | |
| Theme | Molecular biology of colorectal tumors | |
|---|---|---|
| Title | Molecular characteristics of colorectal neoplasms | |
| Author | Koshi Mimori | Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital |
| Author | Yuta Kouyama | Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital / Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital |
| [ Summary ] | The report "Multistep carcinogenesis" by Vogelstein et al is still the prevailing study on molecular characterization of colorectal tumors. Recently, implementation of large-scale molecular analysis using next generation sequencer approaches such as "The Cancer Genome Atlas Network (TCGA)" and "Consensus Molecular Subtypes (CMS)", have been reported on. In TCGA, colorectal cancers (CRC) were divided into two groups by the number of mutations: hypermutated tumours and non-hyper mutated tumours. CMS was used to classify CRC into four subtypes. Prognoses are analyzed in relation to these subgroups. To analyze the evolution of CRC, we conducted a multiregional analysis. We clarified extensive intratumor heterogeneity and branched evolution is observed in CRC, from which we inferred the evolutionary history of tumors. Simulation of cancer evolution suggests that after clonally shared alterations are accumulated due to aging, numerous subclones are generated by neutral evolution. In this article, we describe the molecular characteristics of colorectal neoplasms and outline the evolution process of colorectal cancer. |
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