| [ Summary ] |
With the advent of strong acid‒suppressive medication such as "proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)" ; PPIs have played a central role in the treatment of acid‒related disorders because of fewer side‒effects, superior effectiveness long‒term, and cost‒effectiveness.
Because of the insufficient data on its prolonged administration, the safety of the longer‒term use of PPIs is still controversial. In addition to carcinoid and colon disease, there is concern that the longer‒term use of PPIs might lead to adverse effects such as community‒acquired pneumonia, fractures, progression of atrophic gastritis, gastric cancer, vitamin B12 deficiency, iron deficiency, and hypomagnesemia. However, the findings from various studies demonstrate that the marked increase of the risk of these adverse effects was not confirmed in the longer‒term use of PPIs. Recently, the risk of dementia, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular events unrelated to the use of clopidogrel has been reported, but the evidence and mechanisms remain unclear. Furthermore, another adverse effects related to the long‒term use of PPIs may merge. It is expected that the use of acid‒suppressive medication will increase in the future. However, the advantages and disadvantages of PPI use still need to be considered. |