| Theme |
Diagnosis and Treatment of Anorectal Disease |
| Title |
Diagnosis and Treatment of Anal Canal Cancer |
| Author |
Teruhito Kishihara |
Department of Gastroenterology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR |
| Author |
Masahiro Igarashi |
Department of Gastroenterology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR |
| Author |
Kenjiro Morishige |
Department of Gastroenterology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR |
| Author |
Akiko Chino |
Department of Gastroenterology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR |
| Author |
Naoyuki Uragami |
Department of Gastroenterology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR |
| Author |
Yoshiro Tamegai |
Department of Gastroenterology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR |
| [ Summary ] |
We describe endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of anal canal cancer. This type of cancer is often discovered only when in advanced stages, even though anal canal cancer occurs near the surface of the body. Major reasons for late diagnoses of anal canal cancer are considered to be misdiagnosis of conditions such as hemorrhoids. Early diagnosis of anal canal cancer through endoscopic diagnosis is possible by observing the anal region with care. However, reverse observation is important. During routine examinations, the anal canal is usually observed tangentially by conventional observation, making it impossible to observe the entire lesion in frontal views. Proper observation of the anal canal becomes possible when we reverse the scope axis. Furthermore, a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma is possible by magnifying the observation of a tumorʼs pit patterns with dye spraying. Furthermore, a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma is possible by performing a magnified observation using NBI systems. In other words, we may diagnose the presence of several types of anal canal cancer by observing blood vessel patterns, which are similar to those found in esophageal dysplasia or carcinoma. |