| 特集名 | 消化器疾患の分子医学 -- 基礎医学から臨床へ | |
|---|---|---|
| 題名 | 消化器疾患とDNAメチル化異常 | |
| 発刊年月 | 2009年 02月 | |
| 著者 | 前北 隆雄 | 和歌山県立医科大学第二内科 |
| 著者 | 榎本 祥太郎 | 和歌山県立医科大学第二内科 |
| 著者 | 柳岡 公彦 | 和歌山県立医科大学第二内科 |
| 著者 | 中沢 和之 | 和歌山県立医科大学第二内科 |
| 著者 | 岡 政志 | 和歌山県立医科大学第二内科 |
| 著者 | 一瀬 雅夫 | 和歌山県立医科大学第二内科 |
| 【 要旨 】 | 近年の分子生物学の進歩により，エピジェネティックな異常と消化器疾患の関連が解明されてきている．DNAメチル化は，エピジェネティック異常であり，遺伝子プロモーター領域のCGIがメチル化されると転写が強力に抑制される．消化器癌は，癌抑制遺伝子のDNAメチル化異常と転写抑制が高頻度に認められ，非常に関与が強い．近年，DNAメチル化異常を消化器癌の存在診断，病態診断，リスク診断に臨床応用する試みがなされている．脱メチル化剤は，骨髄異形成症候群の治療薬として米国では承認されており，今後消化器疾患への応用が待たれる． | |
| Theme | Molecular Medicine of Gastrointestinal Disorders : from Basics to Applications | |
|---|---|---|
| Title | Aberrant DNA Methylation Involved in Digestive Diseases | |
| Author | Takao Maekita | Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University |
| Author | Shotaro Enomoto | Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University |
| Author | Kimihiko Yanaoka | Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University |
| Author | Kazuyuki Nakazawa | Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University |
| Author | Masashi Oka | Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University |
| Author | Masao Ichinose | Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University |
| [ Summary ] | Recent studies have revealed that epigenetic alterations, such as aberrant DNA methylation, are deeply involved in various digestive diseases. It is widely accepted that CGI methylation in the gene promoter region plays a pivotal role in the control of gene transcription. As for cancer derived from digestive organs, aberrant DNA methylation and the resulting derangement in transcriptional control of various "tumor suppressor genes" are frequently observed. Recently, a considerable number of approaches have been employed to search for methods to use unique DNA methylation patterns in various gene regions as stratification markers to predict an individual's genetic or acquired susceptibility to cancer. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved treatment with demethylating agents (5-aza-cytidine and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine) for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Epigenetic therapies, such as Azacytidine, will probably usher in a new era in the management of digestive diseases. We are beginning to understand how to control epigenetic derangement involved in cancer development and optimally use this group of agents in order to achieve maximum benefits. |
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