| 特集名 | 消化器癌の予防医学 | |
|---|---|---|
| 題名 | 大腸癌の一次予防と二次予防 | |
| 発刊年月 | 2006年 06月 | |
| 著者 | 茂木 健太 | 群馬県立がんセンター消化器内科 |
| 著者 | 澤田 俊夫 | 群馬県立がんセンター消化器外科 |
| 【 要旨 】 | 大腸癌は，以前は欧米人に多い癌であったが，日本人の生活習慣の急速な欧米化に伴って，現在では日本でももっともメジャーな癌の一つである．生活習慣，とくに食生活との関連が深い癌と考えられており，これまでの疫学的研究から食生活の改善による大腸癌の予防 (一次予防) が期待されている．大腸癌の化学予防 (chemoprevention) については，NSAIDsを中心に研究が進められており，一部は臨床研究の段階である．大腸癌の二次予防では，検診が重要な役割を担っている．大腸がん検診では，便潜血検査による死亡率減少効果は実証されているが，精検受診率が60 ％程度ときわめて低く，今後の課題となっている． | |
| Theme | Preventive Medicine of Gastrointestinal Cancer | |
|---|---|---|
| Title | Primary and Secondary Prevention of Colorectal Cancer | |
| Author | Kenta Motegi | Department of Gastroenterology, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center |
| Author | Toshio Sawada | Department of Surgery, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center |
| [ Summary ] | Recently, colorectal cancer has become one of the most common cancers in Japan as well as in the United States and European countries. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the major role of diet in the etiology of colorectal cancer. In regard to the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer, it has long been understood that a high-fat, low-fiber diet is causative, while a low-fat, high-fiber diet is protective. Chemoprevention is the use of natural or synthetic substances to reduce the risk of developing cancer, or to reduce the chance that cancer will recur. NSAIDs, such as celecoxib and sulindac, are being studied alone and in combination with other agents to determine if they are useful preventive agents for colorectal cancer. There is sufficient evidence to suggest that colorectal cancer screening is effective in reducing mortality from colorectal cancer. Only about 60 % of subjects whose screening tests are positive have diagnostic examinations when screening for colorectal cancer. It is important to improve compliance with diagnostic examinations. Although colorectal cancer becomes difficult to eradicate once it has invaded deeper tissues or has metastasized, most early-stage cancer can be cured completely. Colorectal cancer detected through screening examinations is often in the earlier stages and curable. |
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