| [ Summary ] |
In order to discover the pathological signs related to dialysis patients, it is crucial to take into considerations the following basic clinical conditions. First, because of the decline or loss of renal function, over-hydration, electrolyte disorders, and accumulation of uremic toxins are the primary characteristic clinical features seen in dialysis patients. Secondly, patients on long-term dialysis therapy are prone to dialysis-related specific complications such as β2-microglobulin amyloidosis, and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Thirdly, diabetic or elderly dialysis patients, the number of which is increasing rapidly in Japan, are characterized by a high risk of vascular complications. At the bedside, one needs to observe patients' physical signs systemically based on their pathological backgrounds. |