| Theme |
Endocrine cell tumors of the colorectum: Difference in concept between WHO classification and Japanese classification |
| Title |
Surgical management of rectal carcinoids |
| Author |
Shin-ei Kudo |
Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital |
| Author |
Yasuhiro Ishiyama |
Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital |
| Author |
Fumio Ishida |
Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital |
| [ Summary ] |
Rectal carcinoids are frequently diagnosed during colonoscopy, but management of rectal cancer is still controversial. Currently, rectal carcinoids with adverse features for metastasis including diameters larger than 20 mm, invading muscularis propria, lymphovascular invasion or positive regional lymph node, are suggested for removal with radical surgery. Tumors with diameters of 10 mm or less should be treated with local resection. For carcinoids between 10 mm to 20 mm, management remains controversial. We review surgical procedures for rectal carcinoids. |